Gas-burner



K. G. GUSTAFSSUN.

GAS BURNER.

AFPLlcATxoN man MAR 11. 1920.

1,362,938, mem Dec. 21 20.

fr 2 SHEETS-SHE fly. .2.

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l INVENTOR MM-zm A,

K. G. GUSTAFSSON.

GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.|l,192o.

1,362,988, Patented Dae. 2i, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR UNITED STATES KARL Gr. GUSTAFSSON, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

GAS-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 21, 1920.

Application led March 11, 1920. Serial No. 364,881.

To all whom t may concern Be it lmown that l, KARL G. GUs'rArssoN, a subject of the King of Sweden, and resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gras-Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the means employed in burning the combustible gases used to heat or fire kilns, furnaces and the like.

The invention, while not restricted to such uses, more particularly relates to the construction and arrangement of the gas burners used in heating or hring7 the kilns employed in burning bricks, pottery, and similar clay articles.

One object of my invention is the provision of a gaseous fuel burner of improved construction having novel means whereby the fuel is applied to and burned in a plurality of horizontal planes within the kiln or furnace to which the burner is applied.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a gaseous fuel burner of novel construction and having' improved means whereby combustible gases are supplied and burned Within a kiln or furnace in a plurality of vertically and horizontally different planes so as to uniformly heat the cham ber throughout, and thereby burn or lire the materials within said chamber to the same extent or hardness regardless of the location of such materials in the kiln or furnace.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a gaseous fuel burner for kilns and furnaces of cheap and durable construction which is adapted to be built or inl stalled for use when filling the chamber of kilns or furnaces with the bricks, pottery, or other clay articles to be fired or burned.

Still further objects of my invention will be made apparent by reference to the specification and drawings and the appended claims.

Referring now to the drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure l is a sectional end elevation of the right-hand half of a double kiln or furnace showing a gaseous fuel burner embodying vmy invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of a portion of the length of the furnace of Fig.

l, showing the location and arrangement of ihe gas burners and gas supply iiues there- Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the portion of the furnace illustrated in Fig. 2, showing further details in the construction and arrangement of the burners and gas supply mains therefor.

Fig. 4 is a detail sectional elevation showing a preferred way of constructing and arranging my improved gaseous fuel burner.

Fig. 5 is a plan of the burner of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional elevation, similar to that of Fig. Il, showing a modified form of burner made in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 7 is a plan of the burner of Fig. 6.

In the accompanying drawings, my improved gaseous fuel burner is shown as applied for use on a furnace or kiln for burning brick, in accordance with my invention. The kiln has a firing or burning chamber designated generally by the numeral 2, in which bricks or other articles are piled while being burned. the chamber being filled with the bricks. The chamber 2 is formed by the refractory bottom or floor 3, partition wall or side wall 4 and side wall 5, and a top forming an internally arched roof 6. rdinarily this chamber will be of a length which is several times greater than its width or height. The ends of the chamber 2 preferably will be closed by end walls built integrally with the bottom, top and side walls of the kiln. vVhen end walls bonded into the bottom, sides and roof of the kiln are used, the kiln will have a series of doorways or openings 7, which are closed during the firing operations by temporary brickwork 8 built into the doorways. When found necessary or desirable the kiln may have suitable swinging or sliding doors in place of the end walls.

The kiln, as shown, forms one-half of a double kiln, the structure being symmetrical about the vertical line X-X- Obviously, however, a single kiln may be built instead, when considered necessary or desirable.

The bottom 3 of the chamber 2 has a sethe length and width of the kiln bottom, and

which connect the interior of the chamber 2 with the series of three horizontal branch flues 10a, 10b, and 10C. (See Fig. 3). Each series of these branch iiues 10 is connected at one end thereof to a flue 11 which extends horizontally lengthwise at right angles to the length of the flues 10. The other end of the iiues 10 extend through the side wall 5 of the kiln. Each lof the lines 1() has. a removable closure 12 at its outer end, to enable the lues to be cleaned and accumulations of soot, dust or other foreign matter to be readilyremoved therefrom, at a point on the exterior of the kiln (as will be clearly seen by reference to Fig. 1). Each of the transverse flues 11 is connected, at an intermediate point in its length, by a short horizontal gas flue 13 to the lower end of a downtake or vertical gas supply flue 14 which is built into the side wall 4 of the kiln, and the upper end of the downtakes 14 connect with the horizontally extending gas supply flue 15, which is also built into the wall 4 of the kiln.

The flue 15 will be connected in any suitable manner to a gas producer or other source of gas supply (not shown) in any approved manner. A valve 16, operable by means of the valve stem 17 and handle 18 from the top of the kiln, is provided for each flue 14 to regulate and control and, when necessary, to shut off the supply of gaseous fuel from the vertical gas supply flues or downtakes 14. (See Fig. 1). The chamber 2 also is provided at suit-able points in its length with horizontal outlet flues 19 through which the burned gases or products of combustion pass out of the chamber 2. The lines 19 which are built in the side wall 4 of the furnace, near the bottom 3 thereof, connect with the lower end of the uptakes forming the vertical waste gas fines 20, and the upper end of these flues 2O open into the main horizontal Waste gas flue 21 which, like the uptakes 20, are built into the side wal] 5 of the kiln. (See Fig. 1). A valve 22 similar to the valve 16 and having a stem 23 and handle 24, is provided to regulate and control the passage of the products of combustion or burned gases from each iiue 20 into the main waste gas iue 21 as the burned gases pass from the chamber' 2 into the waste gas flues 19. The waste gas Hue 21 will be connected to a stack (not shown) in the usual known manner, this stack creating a draft through the burning or firing chamber 2 in the customary way.` A row of peep holes 25 is provided at intervals in the .length of the kiln to permit of the interior of the 'chamber 2, being inspected or seen during the time the kiln is in operation, each of these openings or peep holes being closed by a cap or removable cover 26, as is shown in Figs. 1and2. Each of theV gas burners' forming one of the novel and important features of my invention, designated as a whole by the letter A, comprises a tubular member which extends lengthwise vertically within the chamber 2 from the floor or bottom 3 to a point close to the curved inner surface of the roof or top of the kiln. The burners A have open ends and the lower end of each burner is above one of the uptakes 9 through which the combustible gases pass in entering the chamber 2. The burners A as shown are of tubular cross-section and are made in short lengths or sections.

1n the construction shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 5, a plurality of ordinary tubular agricultural drain tiles 27 of the type shown are used in forming the sections of the gas burner. These clay drain tiles, which are all of uniform diameter, are placed or piled end for end, one on top of another, in forming each tubular burner A, and the vertical axis' of each tile is offset with respect to the axis of the tile on which it rests or is supported, so that a pair of crescente shaped orifices or gas outlet openings 28 are formed at the abutting ends of each pair of the tiles. In this way each burner A is arranged to supply gas to the chamber 2 at a series of different elevations in the height of the chamber 2 as is to be clearly seen by reference to Figs. 1 and 2.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 6 and 7 the shape of the tiles 29 and 30 forming the burners A is the same as that of the tiles 27, and the tiles 29 and 30 are positioned one on top of another in the same way as in Figs. 4 and 5. lThe tiles 30 of the burner construction of Figs. 6 and 7 are made somewhat smaller in diameter than the tiles 29, so that when piled one on another in the manner shown in Figs. 6 and 7, with the peripheries of adjacent tiles in the same vertical plane on a radial line thereof, the axes of adjacent tiles will be staggered or offset, and a crescent-shaped outlet 28 will be formed on one side only of the axis of the burner, at the abutting ends of each pair of the pile of tiles 29, 30 forming each burner A.

)While the burners A are shown made of a plurality of short lengths or sections, it is obvious that an integrally formed burner having a longitudinal opening therethrough, with orifices or gas outlets 28 at a series of points in the length thereof may be substituted for the sectional construction without departing from my invention as specified in the appended claims. The sectional construction however, will be preferred for reasons more fully explained hereinafter.

The burners A, as will have been con,-` cluded from the foregoing description, are built up or placed in position over the gas uptakes 7 concurrently with the operation of filling the kiln with green or unburned bricks or other article to be fired, and these burners are dismembered or taken apart as the removal of the burned bricks from the chamber 2 proceeds.

In filling the chamber with the bricks the bottom row or a series of rows are loosely positioned on the ioor 3, being placed around a section 27 or 30 of the hollow tiles forming the burners A, so as to engage with and maintain the lower section of the burners in position over the gas uptakes 7 in the floor 3.

As successively higher rows of the loose piles of bricks are placed in the kiln, additional sections of the burners A will be piled on top of one another and, when the kiln is filled, the burners will have been erected as shown in the drawings, so as to form a series of orifices or gas outlets 28 in each individual burner A, and the burners will be distributed throughout the bulk of the bricks so as to heat the chamber 2 evenly and equally at all points in the length, width and height of the chamber 2, and in this way burn the bricks to a uniform degree of hardness.

In placing the bricks within the firing chamber 2, and in their removal, the series of openings or doorways 7 in the side wall 5 of the kiln will be employed, a plurality of such openings enabling the kiln being filled and emptied more rapidly than is possible with a single doorway. One or more of the openings 7 will be allowed to remain open in order to supply the air nec essary to support combustion. The remainder of the series of doorways 7 will be closed, a temporary wall 8 being built in these openings for this purpose, and the wall 8 being removed when found desirable or necessary.

The operation of kilns equipped with my improved gas burners will be readily understood. The chamber 2 of the kiln having been filled with loosely laid green bricks and suitable longitudinal channels or passages 31 being formed in the bulk of the bricks, the gas supply is turned on. The combustible gases will flow from the flue 15 through the downtake 14 and fiues 13 and 11 into the series of distributing flues 10a, 10b, and 10c. The gases iiow from the iiues 10a, 10b and 10c through the series of uptakes or burner supply flues 9 into the lower end of the gas burners A and are discharged through the plurality of outlet openings 28 in each burner A into the brick filled chamber 2.

The gases, as they emerge from the outlets 28 into the chamber 2 become mixed with the air supplied to the chamber through the inclosed opening or doorway 7 and when. ignited burn in the chamber 2 at a plurality of points in the length and width of the furnace chamber and at a plurality of points in the height of this chamber, and as before stated, heat the body or bulk of the bricks to a uniform temperature at all points within the chamber 2.

Regulation of the gas supply is effected by manipulation of the valves 16 and the draft in the chamber 2 is regulated by the dampers or valves 22, while a little experience shows how much the sections or tiles forming the burners must be offset with respect to one another in order to supply the requisite amount of gas at various points in the length, width and height of the chamber 2 in order to insure the requisite uniform firing of the bricks in the burning operations.

The advantages of my invention will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, and it will be understood that specific forms of my invention have been described herein, that these forms are only illustrative and the invention is not to be limited thereto, since various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim 1. In apparatus for firing kilns and like furnaces, the combination with a plurality of gas uptakes opening into the kiln through the floor thereof and means for supplying gaseous fuel to said uptakes, of a gas burner for each uptake, said gas burner being made in sections positioned one on top of another and extending upwardly above said uptakes, and said burner sections being offset one with respect to the other to thereby form a gas outlet at the abutting ends of each pair of said offset sections.

2. In apparatus for firing kilns and like furnaces, the combination with a plurality of gas uptakes opening into the kiln through the floor thereof and means for supplying gaseous fuel to said uptakes, of tubular gas burners connected at their lower ends to said uptakes, said burners being made in transversely divided sections, with thev sections positioned one on top of another and offset one relative to another to form gas outlets'at the abutting ends of adjoining sections of the burner.

3. In apparatus for firing kilns and like furnaces, the combination with a plurality of gas uptakes opening into the kiln through the iioor thereof and means for supplying gaseous fuel to said uptakes, of tubular gas burners connected at their lower ends to said uptakes, said burners extending upwardly within the kiln and being formed of refractory material and being made in transversely divided sections, with the sections positioned one on top of another and offset one relative to another to form gas outlets at the abutting ends of adjoining sections of the burner.

4. In apparatus for firing kilns and like 5 furnaces, the combination With a plurality of gas uptakes opening into the kiln through the iioor thereof and means for supplying gaseous fuel to said uptakes, of a gas burner for each uptake, said gas burner being 10 formed of refractory material and being made in sections positioned one on top of another and extending upwardly above said uptakes, and said burner sections being offset one with respeotto the other to'form a gas outlet at the abutting ends of each pair l5 of the oset sections forming the burner.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

KARL G. GUSTAFSSON. 

